Beware of Sleep Disorders

We sleep approximately 8h of each 24-h cycle, that is 1/3^rd of our life, But sleep disorders are often neglected by patients and doctors compared to other medical illness, because

Patients are often keeping the problem of sleep as a personal and private issue.
They may be unaware of sleep disorder causing their abnormal movements at night, or of obstructive sleep apneas.
Sleep-related symptoms are often attributed to be normal in life.
‘Tiredness’, may be thought to be due to old age, stress, shift work or overwork, rather than to a sleep disorder.
Medical and other healthcare professionals are generally less aware of sleep.
Doctors examine while the patient is awake so that direct observation of a sleep disorder by the doctor is unusual.
Medical schools do not give importance to sleep disorders, because sleep medicine is a new science

Classifications

Classification of sleep disorders: ICSD-2

There are eight main types of sleep disorders. Each type has sub-types as well.

Insomnia
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Hypersomnias of Central Origin
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Parasomnias
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
Isolated Symptoms, Apparently Normal Variants, and Unresolved Issues
Other Sleep Disorder

Insomnia

Sub-types of Insomnia

Adjustment Insomnia (Acute Insomnia)
Psychophysiological Insomnia
Paradoxical Insomnia
Idiopathic Insomnia
Insomnia Due to Mental Disorder
Inadequate Sleep Hygiene
Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood
Insomnia Due to Drug or Substance
Insomnia Due to Medical Condition
Insomnia Not Due to Substance or Known Physiological Condition
Unspecified (Nonorganic Insomnia, NOS)
Physiological (Organic) Insomnia, Unspecified

Sub-types of Sleep related breathing disorders

Central Sleep Apnea Syndromes
- Primary Central Sleep Apnea
- Central Sleep Apnea Due to Cheyne Stokes Breathing Pattern
- Central Sleep Apnea Due to High-Altitude Periodic Breathing
- Central Sleep Apnea Due to Medical Condition Not Cheyne Stokes
- Central Sleep Apnea Due to Drug or Substance
- Primary Sleep Apnea of Infancy (Formerly Primary Sleep Apnea of Newborn)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndromes
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Adult
- Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Pediatric
Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemic Syndromes
- Sleep Related Nonobstructive Alveolar Hypoventilation, Idiopathic
- Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome
Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia Due to Medical Condition
- Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia Due to Pulmonary Parenchymal or Vascular Pathology
- Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia Due to Lower Airways Obstruction
- Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia Due to Neuromuscular and Chest Wall Disorders
Other Sleep Related Breathing Disorder
- Sleep Apnea/Sleep Related Breathing Disorder, Unspecified

Sub-types of Hypersomnia

Narcolepsy With Cataplexy
Narcolepsy Without Cataplexy
Narcolepsy Due to Medical Condition
Narcolepsy, Unspecified
Recurrent Hypersomnia
- Kleine-Levin Syndrome
- Menstrual-Related Hypersomnia
Idiopathic Hypersomnia With Long Sleep Time
Idiopathic Hypersomnia Without Long Sleep Time
Behaviorally Induced Insufficient Sleep Syndrome
Hypersomnia Due to Medical Condition
Hypersomnia Due to Drug or Substance
Hypersomnia Not Due to Substance or Known Physiological Condition (Nonorganic Hypersomnia, NOS)
Physiological (Organic) Hypersomnia, Unspecified (Organic Hypersomnia, NOS)

Sub-types of Circadian Disorders

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Delayed Sleep Phase Type (Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Advanced Sleep Phase Type (Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Irregular Sleep-Wake Type (Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Free-Running Type (Nonentrained Type)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Jet Lag Type (Jet Lag Disorder)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Shift Work Type (Shift Work Disorder)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder Due to Medical Condition
Other Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder (Circadian Rhythm Disorder, NOS)
Other Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder Due to Drug or Substance

Sub-types of Parasomnias

Disorders of Arousal (From NREM Sleep)
- Confusional Arousals
- Sleepwalking
- Sleep Terrors
Parasomnias Usually Associated With REM Sleep
- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (Including Overlap Disorder and Status Dissociatus)
- Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis
- Nightmare Disorder
Other Parasomnias
- Sleep-Related Dissociative Disorders
- Sleep Enuresis
- Sleep-Related Groaning (Catathrenia)
- Exploding Head Syndrome
- Sleep-Related
  Hallucinations
- Sleep-Related Eating Disorders
- Parasomnia, Unspecified
- Parasomnia Due to Drug or Substance
- Parasomnia Due to Medical Condition

Sub-types of sleep related movement disorders

Restless Legs Syndrome
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
Sleep-Related Leg Cramps
Sleep-Related Bruxism
Sleep-Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder
Sleep-Related Movement Disorder, Unspecified
Sleep-Related Movement Disorder Due to Drug or Substance
Sleep-Related Movement Disorder Due to Medical Condition

Sub-types of isolated sleep disorders

Long Sleeper
Short Sleeper
Snoring
Sleep Talking
Sleep Starts (Hypnic Jerks)
Benign Sleep Myoclonus of Infancy
Hypnagogic Foot Tremor and Alternating Leg Muscle Activation During Sleep
Propriospinal Myoclonus at Sleep Onset
Excessive Fragmentary Myoclonus

Classifications

Classification of sleep disorders: ICSD-2

Insomnia

Sub-types of Insomnia

Sub-types of Sleep related breathing disorders

Sub-types of Hypersomnia

Sub-types of Circadian Disorders

Sub-types of Parasomnias

Sub-types of sleep related movement disorders

Sub-types of isolated sleep disorders

Sleep Disorder

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